Saturday, 30 March 2013
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Make a Single Chip Programmable Voice Audio Recorder Circuit
The article explains a single chip circuit which can be used for recording short voice clips or any audio clip ranging from 20 to 60 seconds. The incorporated IC APR9600 is a programmable voice recorder chip which facilitates infinite number of recording/erase of audio files in it as per user preference.
The recording or storage of the audio can be done through an integrated electret mic or via any line out or RCA port of an audio reproducing device.
However since the IC is a low bit device does not support Hi-Fi recording rather low quality music.
The sampling rate or the frequency response is limited to just 8 kHz max thats pretty ordinary if we compare it with the specs of modern Hi-Fi equipment.
Nevertheless, the IC is a stand alone device which does not depend on any external circuits, just plug it in, and it starts recording whatever voice data is fed across its input pins. Moreover since the data can be erased and refreshed any number of times, the unit becomes completely programmable and a pretty useful gadget.
Image courtesy: http://www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/aplus/APR9600.pdf
Circuit Description
The proposed circuit of a programmable single chip voice recorder/player utilizes the IC APR9600 as the main processor of the circuit.
Its a 28 pin IC which can be very easily and quickly configured for getting the required results by adding a handful of common passive electronic components.
All the pin outs of the IC are specified by their individual functions, and the components are accordingly attached with the respective pinouts.
For example pin#28 and pin#27 are assigned as the trigger inputs for initiating playback and recording functions.
Sliding the connected switch toward right initiates the playback action while toggling it toward left puts the IC in the recording mode.
The IC also has appropriate visual indication options which provide the user with instant information regarding the position of the circuit.
The LED at pin#8 indicates the end of a playback file session.
The LED at pin#10 stays illuminated for so long the audio is being played, indicating circuit "busy"
The LED at pin#22 indicates through rapid flashes regarding the playback or recording modes of the IC.
The input data is normally picked from the mic which is appropriately connected across the pins 17 and 18 of the IC.
When the slider switch is pushed toward the recording mode, any audio entering the mic gets stored inside the IC until the specified time elapses.
The sampling rate of the IC can be set as per the user preference. Lower sampling rates will provide longer recording/playback periods and vice versa.
Longer periods would also mean lower voice quality while shorter periods of recording spec will produce relatively better sound processing and storing.
The entire circuit operates with a 5 volt supply which can be acquire through a standard 7805 IC after rectification from a standard transformer bridge capacitor network.
The audio output may be derived across pin#14 and ground which must be terminated to an audio amplifier so that the data can be heard with proper volume.
The recording or storage of the audio can be done through an integrated electret mic or via any line out or RCA port of an audio reproducing device.
However since the IC is a low bit device does not support Hi-Fi recording rather low quality music.
The sampling rate or the frequency response is limited to just 8 kHz max thats pretty ordinary if we compare it with the specs of modern Hi-Fi equipment.
Nevertheless, the IC is a stand alone device which does not depend on any external circuits, just plug it in, and it starts recording whatever voice data is fed across its input pins. Moreover since the data can be erased and refreshed any number of times, the unit becomes completely programmable and a pretty useful gadget.

Circuit Description
The proposed circuit of a programmable single chip voice recorder/player utilizes the IC APR9600 as the main processor of the circuit.
Its a 28 pin IC which can be very easily and quickly configured for getting the required results by adding a handful of common passive electronic components.
All the pin outs of the IC are specified by their individual functions, and the components are accordingly attached with the respective pinouts.
For example pin#28 and pin#27 are assigned as the trigger inputs for initiating playback and recording functions.
Sliding the connected switch toward right initiates the playback action while toggling it toward left puts the IC in the recording mode.
The IC also has appropriate visual indication options which provide the user with instant information regarding the position of the circuit.
The LED at pin#8 indicates the end of a playback file session.
The LED at pin#10 stays illuminated for so long the audio is being played, indicating circuit "busy"
The LED at pin#22 indicates through rapid flashes regarding the playback or recording modes of the IC.
The input data is normally picked from the mic which is appropriately connected across the pins 17 and 18 of the IC.
When the slider switch is pushed toward the recording mode, any audio entering the mic gets stored inside the IC until the specified time elapses.
The sampling rate of the IC can be set as per the user preference. Lower sampling rates will provide longer recording/playback periods and vice versa.
Longer periods would also mean lower voice quality while shorter periods of recording spec will produce relatively better sound processing and storing.
The entire circuit operates with a 5 volt supply which can be acquire through a standard 7805 IC after rectification from a standard transformer bridge capacitor network.
The audio output may be derived across pin#14 and ground which must be terminated to an audio amplifier so that the data can be heard with proper volume.
Friday, 29 March 2013
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Seven Segment Display Everything you need to know about
Seven Segment display is the most common and fundamental display device which is used in many Electronic Gadgets and Appliances like Electric stove,Microwave Owen,Digital Clocks and also in many Digital Meters like Multimeter.
The seven segment display is called so since it contains 7 segments of LED which is assembled in a structure resembling like numeral ‘8’.This is because you can form all 10 digits (0-9) from the pattern ‘8’.
The 7 segments are named as A-G and the optional eighth segment is named as H.As you can see in the diagram the seven segment are arranged to form a shape of ‘8’.If all the segments are given the power then the number ‘8’ will be displayed and if you cutoff the power for segment G then it will result in number ‘0’.Similarly you can form the combinations to display numerals from 0 to 9.
Practically seven segment comes with two different configurations and both the type contains 10 pins.
The following are the two configurations of seven segment display
- Common Anode
- Common Cathode
In Common Anode configuration the pin 3 and 8 are shorted together with Anode of all 8 LED segments and this common pin is connected to positive voltage (VCC).Hence to light up any given segment the corresponding Cathode pin should be connected to ground or reference ,which completes the circuit and LED will be in forward bias.
Similarly In Common Cathode configuration the pin 3 and 8 are shorted together with Cathode of all 8 LED segments and this common pin is connected to Ground or reference point.Here if you give positive voltage to corresponding LED Anode pin the the circuit will be completed and the particular LED will be light up since it will be in forward bias.
Note that if you are using Ground as reference voltage then your VCC should be greater than 1.3 V,Which is minimum voltage to light up LED based on silicon.(Bandgap Energy).
Need for series Resistors
Practically we always use the power source(VCC) as +5V or Higher so it is necessary to connect series resistor to the Anode pins (Common Cathode) or to Cathode Pins (Common Anode configuration).This will ensure that the LED doesn’t burn.Here how the value of series resistor is determined
- Forward bias voltage : +2V
- Forward bias current : 20mA
Resistor value(ohm)=(Vcc – 2)/0.02 ohmsfor example if you are using +5 V then Resistor value=(5-2)/0.02=150 ohms.
Nowadays the usage seven segment displays are very limit due to the advancement in display technologies,Now Dot matrix display mostly displaced the place of seven segment displays but yet seven segment displays are good starting point to read about display technologies.
Bonus fact
Actually you can display all Hexadecimal using seven segment display,that is apart from digits 0-9 it is also possible to show A,b,C,d,E,F.Now I leave this part to you,Why the alphabet ‘b’ and ‘d’ is not represented in caps ???Flugzeugepiper
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ALTERNATING FLASHER ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

ALTERNATING FLASHER ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM
The first IC used as a 1 second clock, which generates ON/OFF for the other ICs. Diodes help to cover the IC555 from the peak voltage. Take note that the relay used should have impedance more than 50 ohm.
Parts list :
- Diode D1-D2 : 1N4001
- Zener Diode D2 : 6V
- R1,R5,R7 : 3k3
- R2,R6,R8 : 68k
- Resistor variable VR1 : 47k
- Polar capacitor C1 : 10uF/16V
- Polar capacitor C3,C5 : 2.2 uF/16V
- Capacitor C2,C4,C6 : 0.01 uF
- Transistor T1 : BC107/BC148
- IC timer : NE555
- Relay : 6-9 V
- Power supply 6-9 V
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