Showing posts with label single. Show all posts
Showing posts with label single. Show all posts
Friday, 6 June 2014
Wideband Wien Oscillator Circuit with Single Gang Pot
This Wien bridge oscillator (after Max Wien, 1866–1938) produces a low-distortion sine wave of constant amplitude, from about 15 Hz to 150 kHz. It requires just four opamps and will work off a single 9-volt battery. Also, unlike most Wien bridge oscillators, it does not require a dual-gang potentiometer for tuning. Op amp IC2b provides an artificial ground so that the circuit will operate from a unipolar supply (9 V battery or power pack). IC2a is the main amplifier for the oscillator. The frequency range is divided into four decades by 2-pole, 4-way rotary switch SW1.
Wideband Wien Oscillator Circuit with Single-Gang Pot Circuit Diagram
Only one arm of the Wien network is varied, but the change in positive feedback that would normally result is compensated for by IC1b, which works to bootstrap R2, thereby changing the negative feedback enough to maintain oscillation. A linear change in the resistance of the tuning pot results in a roughly logarithmic change in frequency. To get a more conventional linear change a log-taper pot is used wired so that rotating the knob anticlockwise causes frequency to increase.
You could use an anti-log pot the other way around if you prefer, but these things are notoriously hard to find. IC1A is an integrator that monitors the amplitude of the output signal and drives an LED (D2). This must be mounted facing the LDR (light dependent resistor) and shielded from ambient light (for example, with a piece of heat-shrink tubing). IC1a is then able to control the gain of IC2a so that oscillation is maintained with minimum distortion.
The maximum output amplitude of the generator is about 2 Vp-p when the LED and LDR are mounted as close as possible. Distortion is less than 0.5 % in the lowest range, and too low for the author to measure in the higher ranges. Any LDR should work, provided its dark resistance is greater than 100 kO. If you do not have an LDR with such high resistance, try increasing R5 until oscillation starts. Breadboarded prototypes of the circuit were built by the author using dual and quad opamp packages, and both work equally well.
Wideband Wien Oscillator Circuit with Single-Gang Pot Circuit Diagram
Only one arm of the Wien network is varied, but the change in positive feedback that would normally result is compensated for by IC1b, which works to bootstrap R2, thereby changing the negative feedback enough to maintain oscillation. A linear change in the resistance of the tuning pot results in a roughly logarithmic change in frequency. To get a more conventional linear change a log-taper pot is used wired so that rotating the knob anticlockwise causes frequency to increase.
You could use an anti-log pot the other way around if you prefer, but these things are notoriously hard to find. IC1A is an integrator that monitors the amplitude of the output signal and drives an LED (D2). This must be mounted facing the LDR (light dependent resistor) and shielded from ambient light (for example, with a piece of heat-shrink tubing). IC1a is then able to control the gain of IC2a so that oscillation is maintained with minimum distortion.
The maximum output amplitude of the generator is about 2 Vp-p when the LED and LDR are mounted as close as possible. Distortion is less than 0.5 % in the lowest range, and too low for the author to measure in the higher ranges. Any LDR should work, provided its dark resistance is greater than 100 kO. If you do not have an LDR with such high resistance, try increasing R5 until oscillation starts. Breadboarded prototypes of the circuit were built by the author using dual and quad opamp packages, and both work equally well.
Author: Merlin Blencowe (Elektor)
Resistors:
R1,R2,R3,R6,R10,R11 = 10kO
R7 = 100kO
R4,R9,R12 = 100O
R5 = 12kO
R8 = 1kO
P1,P2 = 10kO potentiometer, logarithmic law
R13 = LDR, R(dark) >100kO, e.g. Excelitas Tech type
VT90N1 (Newark/Farnell # 2568243)
Capacitors:
C1,C5 = 1µF solid
C2,C6 = 100nF
C3,C7 = 10nF
C4,C8 = 1nF
C9-C12 = 47µF 16V, electrolytic, radial
Semiconductors:
D1,D2,D3 = 1N4148
D4 = LED, red, 5mm
IC1,IC2 = TL072ACP
Miscellaneous:
SW1 = 2-pole 4-position rotary switch, C&K Compo-
nents type RTAP42S04WFLSS
K1,K2 = PCB terminal block, 5mm pitch
Wednesday, 5 June 2013
Ethernet Phone Jack Single Cat5e Cablemavromatic
Peak Electronic Design Limited Ethernet Wiring Diagrams Patch.
Cat5e Wiring.
Gefen Component Audio Over Cat5 Wiring Diagram.
Terminating Rj 45 Cat5 Cat5e Cat6 Data.
An Ethernet And Phone Jack Using A Single Cat5e Cable Mavromatic.
Wiring Diagram For An Ethernet Crossover Cable.
Cat 5 Wiring Diagram Crossover Cable Diagram.
Structured Wiring Retro Install 1.
Cat 5 Wiring Diagram Crossover Cable Diagram.
Rj45 Pinout Wiring How To Make Up A 10baset 100baset Connection Eia.
Saturday, 30 March 2013
Make a Single Chip Programmable Voice Audio Recorder Circuit
The article explains a single chip circuit which can be used for recording short voice clips or any audio clip ranging from 20 to 60 seconds. The incorporated IC APR9600 is a programmable voice recorder chip which facilitates infinite number of recording/erase of audio files in it as per user preference.
The recording or storage of the audio can be done through an integrated electret mic or via any line out or RCA port of an audio reproducing device.
However since the IC is a low bit device does not support Hi-Fi recording rather low quality music.
The sampling rate or the frequency response is limited to just 8 kHz max thats pretty ordinary if we compare it with the specs of modern Hi-Fi equipment.
Nevertheless, the IC is a stand alone device which does not depend on any external circuits, just plug it in, and it starts recording whatever voice data is fed across its input pins. Moreover since the data can be erased and refreshed any number of times, the unit becomes completely programmable and a pretty useful gadget.
Image courtesy: http://www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/aplus/APR9600.pdf
Circuit Description
The proposed circuit of a programmable single chip voice recorder/player utilizes the IC APR9600 as the main processor of the circuit.
Its a 28 pin IC which can be very easily and quickly configured for getting the required results by adding a handful of common passive electronic components.
All the pin outs of the IC are specified by their individual functions, and the components are accordingly attached with the respective pinouts.
For example pin#28 and pin#27 are assigned as the trigger inputs for initiating playback and recording functions.
Sliding the connected switch toward right initiates the playback action while toggling it toward left puts the IC in the recording mode.
The IC also has appropriate visual indication options which provide the user with instant information regarding the position of the circuit.
The LED at pin#8 indicates the end of a playback file session.
The LED at pin#10 stays illuminated for so long the audio is being played, indicating circuit "busy"
The LED at pin#22 indicates through rapid flashes regarding the playback or recording modes of the IC.
The input data is normally picked from the mic which is appropriately connected across the pins 17 and 18 of the IC.
When the slider switch is pushed toward the recording mode, any audio entering the mic gets stored inside the IC until the specified time elapses.
The sampling rate of the IC can be set as per the user preference. Lower sampling rates will provide longer recording/playback periods and vice versa.
Longer periods would also mean lower voice quality while shorter periods of recording spec will produce relatively better sound processing and storing.
The entire circuit operates with a 5 volt supply which can be acquire through a standard 7805 IC after rectification from a standard transformer bridge capacitor network.
The audio output may be derived across pin#14 and ground which must be terminated to an audio amplifier so that the data can be heard with proper volume.
The recording or storage of the audio can be done through an integrated electret mic or via any line out or RCA port of an audio reproducing device.
However since the IC is a low bit device does not support Hi-Fi recording rather low quality music.
The sampling rate or the frequency response is limited to just 8 kHz max thats pretty ordinary if we compare it with the specs of modern Hi-Fi equipment.
Nevertheless, the IC is a stand alone device which does not depend on any external circuits, just plug it in, and it starts recording whatever voice data is fed across its input pins. Moreover since the data can be erased and refreshed any number of times, the unit becomes completely programmable and a pretty useful gadget.
Circuit Description
The proposed circuit of a programmable single chip voice recorder/player utilizes the IC APR9600 as the main processor of the circuit.
Its a 28 pin IC which can be very easily and quickly configured for getting the required results by adding a handful of common passive electronic components.
All the pin outs of the IC are specified by their individual functions, and the components are accordingly attached with the respective pinouts.
For example pin#28 and pin#27 are assigned as the trigger inputs for initiating playback and recording functions.
Sliding the connected switch toward right initiates the playback action while toggling it toward left puts the IC in the recording mode.
The IC also has appropriate visual indication options which provide the user with instant information regarding the position of the circuit.
The LED at pin#8 indicates the end of a playback file session.
The LED at pin#10 stays illuminated for so long the audio is being played, indicating circuit "busy"
The LED at pin#22 indicates through rapid flashes regarding the playback or recording modes of the IC.
The input data is normally picked from the mic which is appropriately connected across the pins 17 and 18 of the IC.
When the slider switch is pushed toward the recording mode, any audio entering the mic gets stored inside the IC until the specified time elapses.
The sampling rate of the IC can be set as per the user preference. Lower sampling rates will provide longer recording/playback periods and vice versa.
Longer periods would also mean lower voice quality while shorter periods of recording spec will produce relatively better sound processing and storing.
The entire circuit operates with a 5 volt supply which can be acquire through a standard 7805 IC after rectification from a standard transformer bridge capacitor network.
The audio output may be derived across pin#14 and ground which must be terminated to an audio amplifier so that the data can be heard with proper volume.
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